Ecuador is a country located in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia to the north, Peru to the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The capital and second-largest city is Quito, while the largest city is Guayaquil. Ecuador is known for its diverse geography, which includes the Andes mountains, the Amazon rainforest, and the Galápagos Islands, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major tourist attraction. It is also home to a rich cultural heritage, with influences from indigenous peoples, Spanish colonialism, and African slaves. The economy of Ecuador is largely based on oil exports, although agriculture and tourism are also important sectors. It is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and has a mixed economy with both public and private sectors playing important roles. Ecuador is a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President serving as both the head of state and head of government. It has made significant progress in recent years in reducing poverty and improving access to education and healthcare, although the country still faces challenges related to income inequality and political instability.
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