Azerbaijan is a country located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, bordered by Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, Iran to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the east. Its capital and largest city is Baku. Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and is now a presidential republic. Its economy is heavily based on oil and gas exports, and the country is a member of OPEC. Azerbaijan is also known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly in the areas of music, literature, and traditional crafts. The official language is Azerbaijani, and the majority of the population practices Shia Islam. The country has a diverse ethnic population, including Azerbaijanis, Lezgins, Talysh, and others. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has been a longstanding issue in the region.
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