The first artificial satellite was called Sputnik 1, and it was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Sputnik 1 was a small, spherical spacecraft that measured about 23 inches (58 centimeters) in diameter and weighed around 184 pounds (83 kilograms). It was launched into orbit by a modified R-7 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Sputnik 1 did not have any scientific instruments on board, but it did carry a radio transmitter that transmitted a simple signal back to Earth. The signal could be picked up by amateur radio operators around the world, and it caused a sensation as people realized that the Soviet Union had achieved a major technological milestone. The launch of Sputnik 1 marked the beginning of the Space Age and sparked a race between the United States and the Soviet Union to be the first nation to achieve various space-related milestones. The United States launched its first satellite, Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958, in response to Sputnik 1. Since then, thousands of artificial satellites have been launched into space for a variety of purposes, including scientific research, communication, navigation, weather forecasting, and military surveillance. Satellites have become an essential part of modern life, and they play a crucial role in many aspects of our daily lives, from providing GPS directions to enabling global communication and internet access.
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