JWST

 The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a state-of-the-art space telescope launched in December 2021, designed to conduct infrared astronomy and explore the universe's mysteries. It is the largest optical telescope in space, equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments that allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. The telescope is a collaborative effort between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), with Northrop Grumman as the primary contractor. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. JWST's primary mirror consists of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-plated beryllium, which combined create a 6.5-meter-diameter (21 ft) mirror, giving it a light-collecting area of about 25 square meters, about six times that of Hubble. Unlike Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet and visible spectra, and near infrared, JWST observes a lower frequency range, from long-wavelength visible light through mid-infrared. To avoid interfering with the collected light, the telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K (−223 °C; −370 °F), and deployed in a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth, where its five-layer sunshield protects it from warming by the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The development of the JWST began in 1996, and after numerous redesigns, cost overruns, and delays, it was completed in 2016 at a total cost of US$10 billion. The high-stakes nature of the launch and the telescope's complexity were remarked upon by the media, scientists, and engineers. The telescope's advanced capabilities allow it to investigate various fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as the first stars and galaxies' formation and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space observatory designed to explore the universe in the near to mid-infrared range, as well as some visible light wavelengths. It has a 6.5 m (21 ft) diameter gold-coated beryllium primary mirror made up of 18 separate hexagonal mirrors, providing a total collecting area of 25.4 m2 (273 sq ft), which is over six times larger than the collecting area of Hubble's 2.4 m (7.9 ft) diameter mirror. JWST is designed to detect objects up to 100 times fainter than Hubble can, and objects much earlier in the history of the universe, back to redshift z≈20 (about 180 million years cosmic time after the Big Bang). The design of JWST emphasizes the near to mid-infrared range for several reasons, including the fact that high-redshift objects have their visible emissions shifted into the infrared, infrared light passes more easily through dust clouds than visible light, and colder objects such as debris disks and planets emit most strongly in the infrared. Ground-based telescopes must look through Earth's atmosphere, which is opaque in many infrared bands, and even where the atmosphere is transparent, many of the target chemical compounds also exist in the Earth's atmosphere, complicating analysis. Existing space telescopes such as Hubble cannot study these bands since their mirrors are insufficiently cool. JWST can observe objects in the Solar System at an angle of more than 85° from the Sun and having an apparent angular rate of motion less than 0.03 arc seconds per second, including Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, their satellites, and comets, asteroids and minor planets at or beyond the orbit of Mars. In addition, it can observe opportunistic and unplanned targets within 48 hours of a decision to do so, such as supernovae and gamma ray bursts.The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) operates in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, which is approximately 1.5 million km (930,000 mi) beyond Earth's orbit around the Sun. Its orbit keeps it out of both Earth and Moon's shadow, and its actual position varies between about 250,000 and 832,000 km (155,000–517,000 mi) from L2 as it orbits. This location allows the telescope to maintain a roughly constant distance with continuous orientation of its sunshield and equipment bus toward the Sun, Earth, and Moon, while blocking incoming heat and light from all three bodies. The halo orbit also allows the telescope to avoid even the smallest changes of temperature from Earth and Moon shadows that would affect the structure, yet still maintain uninterrupted solar power and Earth communications on its sun-facing side. To make observations in the infrared spectrum, JWST must be kept under 50 K (-223.2 °C; -369.7 °F), which is critical to maintaining precise alignment of the primary mirror segments. Its large sunshield, made of Kapton E film coated with aluminum on both sides and a layer of doped silicon on the Sun-facing side of the two hottest layers to reflect the Sun's heat back into space, blocks light and heat from the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The five-layer sunshield, each layer as thin as a human hair, is folded twelve times (concertina style) so that it would fit within the Ariane 5 rocket's payload fairing, and its fully deployed dimensions are 14.162 m × 21.197 m (46.46 ft × 69.54 ft). Keeping within the shadow of the sunshield limits the field of regard of JWST at any given time, allowing it to see 40% of the sky from any one position, but it can see all of the sky over a period of six months.

This website was Designed & developed by BHUVANESH_M

NOTE:The images and content on this website are not owned by this website and are the copyright of their respective owners and creators. All rights belong to the linked sites, and this website do not claim ownership or authorship of any images or content used on this website.